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爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)的組分(fen)(fen)靠加入適量的熔劑(ji)(石(shi)灰、石(shi)英石(shi)、螢石(shi)等)進行(xing)(xing)調整。在(zai)(zai)冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)過程中(zhong)通過對(dui)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)組分(fen)(fen)和(he)性質的控制，能使脈石(shi)和(he)氧(yang)化雜質的產物(wu)(wu)與熔融金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)或(huo)硫順利分(fen)(fen)離(li)，脫(tuo)除(chu)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)中(zhong)的害(hai)雜質，吸收液態金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)中(zhong)的非(fei)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)夾雜物(wu)(wu)不直接受爐(lu)(lu)氣(qi)污染，富(fu)集有用的金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)氧(yang)化物(wu)(wu);在(zai)(zai)電爐(lu)(lu)冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)還(huan)是電阻發熱體。爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)在(zai)(zai)保(bao)證冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)操作(zuo)順利進行(xing)(xing)、冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)產品(pin)質量、金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)回收率等各方面(mian)起著(zhu)決定(ding)性作(zuo)用，例(li)如煉(lian)(lian)(lian)鋼作(zuo)業中(zhong)有"煉(lian)(lian)(lian)好渣(zha)(zha)，才能煉(lian)(lian)(lian)好鋼"的說(shuo)法。

根據冶金過程(cheng)的不(bu)同，爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)可分(fen)為熔煉渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、精煉渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、合成渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha);根據爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)性(xing)質，有(you)(you)堿性(xing)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、酸性(xing)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)和中性(xing)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)之分(fen)。許多(duo)爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)有(you)(you)重要用(yong)處(chu)。例如高(gao)(gao)爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)可作水(shui)泥原料(liao);高(gao)(gao)磷渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)可作肥料(liao);含(han)釩、鈦(tai)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)分(fen)別可作為提(ti)煉釩、鈦(tai)的原料(liao)等(deng)。有(you)(you)些爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)可用(yong)來制爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)水(shui)泥、爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)磚(zhuan)、爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)玻璃等(deng)。

煤(mei)在(zai)鍋爐燃燒室中產生(sheng)的熔(rong)融物，由煤(mei)灰組(zu)成(cheng)。可作磚、瓦等原(yuan)料。

火法冶(ye)(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)生成的以(yi)(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)為(wei)主(zhu)的熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti);它是鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、鐵(tie)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)及(ji)有(you)色(se)重(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)冶(ye)(ye)煉和精(jing)煉等(deng)(deng)過(guo)程(cheng)的重(zhong)要產物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)一。主(zhu)要成分(fen)是CaO、FeO、MgO、MnO(堿性氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu))等(deng)(deng)，SiO2、P2O5、Fe2O3(酸性氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu))等(deng)(deng)及(ji)Al2O3(兩性氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu));此(ci)外(wai)，經(jing)常(chang)含有(you)硫化(hua)物(wu)(wu)，如鋼(gang)鐵(tie)冶(ye)(ye)煉爐渣中(zhong)含有(you)少(shao)量CaS，有(you)色(se)重(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)冶(ye)(ye)煉爐渣中(zhong)有(you)時含有(you)較多FeS、Cu2S或(huo) Ni3S2等(deng)(deng);爐渣中(zhong)還(huan)夾帶少(shao)量金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu);個別強(qiang)還(huan)原性爐渣含有(you)CaC2。在冶(ye)(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融爐渣與(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)、熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融鐵(tie)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)、熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)锍(liu)及(ji)爐氣等(deng)(deng)產物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)間起著各種物(wu)(wu)理化(hua)學反應，達到該過(guo)程(cheng)所預期的冶(ye)(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)目的。由于(yu)爐渣與(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)或(huo)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)锍(liu)間的溶(rong)解(jie)度小以(yi)(yi)及(ji)兩者比(bi)重(zhong)不同(tong)而得與(yu)分(fen)離。依據組成不同(tong)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)渣冷凝后成為(wei)巖石狀(zhuang)或(huo)玻璃(li)狀(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)質。